Operators in C Programming

 

Arithmetic Operators

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

// Working of arithmetic operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 9,b = 4, c;

    

    c = a+b;

    printf("a+b = %d \n",c);

    c = a-b;

    printf("a-b = %d \n",c);

    c = a*b;

    printf("a*b = %d \n",c);

    c = a/b;

    printf("a/b = %d \n",c);

    c = a%b;

    printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c);

    

    return 0;

}

Output: 

Increment and Decrement Operators

C programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1.

// Working of increment and decrement operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 10, b = 100;

    float c = 10.5, d = 100.5;

    printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);

    printf("--b = %d \n", --b);

    printf("++c = %f \n", ++c);

    printf("--d = %f \n", --d);

    return 0;

}

Assignment Operators

An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is =

 Relational Operators

A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

    

// Working of relational operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10;

    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);

    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);

    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);

    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);

    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);

    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);

    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);

    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);

    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);

    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);

    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);

    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);

    return 0;

}

Logical Operators

An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming.

// Working of logical operators

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10, result;

    result = (a == b) && (c > b);

    printf("(a == b) && (c > b) is %d \n", result);

    result = (a == b) && (c < b);

    printf("(a == b) && (c < b) is %d \n", result);

    result = (a == b) || (c < b);

    printf("(a == b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);

    result = (a != b) || (c < b);

    printf("(a != b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);

    result = !(a != b);

    printf("!(a != b) is %d \n", result);

    result = !(a == b);

    printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", result);

    return 0;

}

Bitwise Operators

During computation, mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc are converted to bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power.

Bitwise operators are used in C programming to perform bit-level operations.

The sizeof operator

The sizeof is a unary operator that returns the size of data (constants, variables, array, structure, etc).

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a;

    float b;

    double c;

    char d;

    printf("Size of int=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(a));

    printf("Size of float=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(b));

    printf("Size of double=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(c));

    printf("Size of char=%lu byte\n",sizeof(d));

    return 0;

}

Operator Precedence and Associativity

Example 1: Multiplication and Addition

int x = 5 + 3 * 2;

Explanation: 

Multiplication (*) has higher precedence than addition (+).

Execution: 

First 3 * 2 = 6, then 5 + 6 = 11.

Result:

x = 11.

Example 2: Division and Modulus

int x = 20 / 4 % 3;

Explanation: 

Division (/) and modulus (%) have the same precedence, so they are evaluated left to right.

Execution:

20 / 4 = 5.

5 % 3 = 2.

Result:

x = 2.